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Table 2 Comparison of computed Nusselt number Nu and RMS velocity \(V_{{\mathrm{rms}}}\) with benchmark values from Blankenbach et al. [35]\(^{\mathrm{a}}\) and Koglin Jr et al. [36]\(^{\mathrm{b}}\)

From: Mathematical modelling of mantle convection at a high Rayleigh number with variable viscosity and viscous dissipation

Ra

Nu

\(V_{{\mathrm{rms}}}\)

This work

Benchmark

This work

Benchmark

\(10^4\)

4.884409

\(4.884409^{\mathrm{a}}\)

42.864973

\(42.864947^{\mathrm{a}}\)

\(10^5\)

10.534113

\(10.534095^{\mathrm{a}}\)

193.215527

\(193.21454^{\mathrm{a}}\)

\(10^6\)

21.972563

\(21.972465^{\mathrm{a}}\)

834.004359

\(833.98977^{\mathrm{a}}\)

\(10^7\)

45.638611

\(45.62^{\mathrm{b}}\)

3633.932754