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Solvability of initial-boundary value problem of a multiple characteristic fifth-order operator-differential equation

Journal of the Egyptian Mathematical Society volume 27, Article number: 37 (2019) Cite this article

Abstract

In this study, we establish existence-uniqueness of a vector function in appropriate Sobolev-type space for a boundary value problem of a fifth-order operator differential equation. Proper conditions are obtained for the given problem to be well-posed. Much effort is devoted to develop the association between these conditions and the operator coefficients of the investigated equation. In this paper, accurate estimates of the norms of the intermediate derivatives operators are presented and used to determine the solvability conditions.

Introduction

Initial-boundary value problem theory in Banach or Hilbert space on the real axis is useful because it enables to study equations of parabolic and elliptic differential operators with initial-boundary conditions.

We shall study the following initial-boundary value problem in a separable Hilbert space H :

$$ \left(-\frac{d^{2}}{dx^{2}} +A^{2}\right) \left(\frac{d}{dx} +A\right)^{3} u(x)+\sum_{j=1}^{5}A_{j} \frac{d^{5-j}}{dx^{5-j}} u(x)=f(x), $$
$$ \hspace*{8pt}x\in R=(-\infty,+\infty) $$
(1.1)
$$ \frac{d^{s} u (0)}{dx^{s}} =0, s=0,1,2,3 $$
(1.2)

where A is a self-adjoint positively defined operator and Aj,j=1,2,3,4,5 are linear unbounded operators. From now on, the derivatives are accepted through the distributions theory (see [1]). We specify the following subspaces.

We consider f(x)∈L2(R;H), and \(u (x)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\), where

$$L_{2} (R;H)= \left\{f (x): \| f(x) \|_{L_{2} (R ;H)} = \left(\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} \| f(x) \|_{H}^{2} \, dx\right)^{\frac{1}{2}} \, \, <+\infty \right\},$$

\(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)= \left \{u(t):\frac {d^{5} u (x)}{dx^{5}} \in L_{2} (R;H),A^{5} u (x)\in L_{2} (R;H)\right \}.\) With the norm

\( \| u \|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)} = \left (\|\frac {d^{5} u}{dx^{5}} \|^{2}_{L_{2} (R;H)} + \| A^{5} u \|^{2}_{L_{2} (R;H)}\right)^{\frac {1}{2}}\) (see [2–5]).

Definition 1

If for any f(x)∈L2(R;H), there exists a vector function \(u(x)\!\!\in \!\! W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) that satisfies (1.1) almost everywhere in R, then it is known as a regular solution of (1.1)

Definition 2

If for any function f(x)∈L2(R;H), there exists a regular solution \(u(x)\!\!\in \!\! W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) of (1.1) satisfying the initial boundary conditions (1.2) in the sense that

$$\underset{x\to 0}{\lim} \| A^{\frac{9}{2} -i} \frac{d^{i} u(x)}{dx^{i}} \|_{H} =0\,,\, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, i=0,1,2,3$$

and the inequality

$$\| u \|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)} \le {\text{const}} \| f \|_{L_{2} (R;H)},$$

holds, then problems (1.1) and (1.2) will be regularly solvable (see [6,7]).

Main results

From the theorem of intermediate derivatives (see [8,9]) if \(u(x)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\), then \(A^{5-j} \frac {d^{j} u (x)}{dx^{j}} \in L_{2} (R;H), j=\overline {1,5}\) and the following inequalities:

$$ \| A^{5-j} \frac{d^{j} u (x)}{dx^{j}} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le c_{j} \| u \|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)}, j=1,2,3,4,5 $$
(2.1)

are correct.

Equation 1.1 has the following operator form: Qu(x)≡Q0u(x)+Q1u(x)=f(x), where

\(Q_{0} = \left (-\frac {d^{2}}{dx^{2}} +A^{2}\right) \left (\frac {d}{dx} +A\right)^{3} \) and \(Q_{1} =\sum _{j=1}^{5}A_{s} \frac {d^{5-j}}{dx^{5-j}} \).

The following theorem provides the association between the norms of operators of intermediate derivatives and the solvability conditions of the problems (1.1) and (1.2).

Theorem 1

The operator Q0 isomorphically maps the space \(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) onto the space L2(R;H), moreover, for f(x)∈L2(R;H) and Eq. 1.1 has a solution

$$u(x)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}G (x-s)f (s)ds +u_{0} (x),$$

wher

$$G (x-s)=2^{-4} \left\{\begin{array}{l} (E+2A (x-s)+2A^{2} (x-s)^{2} +\\ +\frac{8}{6} A^{3} (x-s)^{3}) e^{-A (x-s)} A^{-4},\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\quad if\, \, x>s,\\ {e^{A (x-s)} A^{-4},\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\qquad\,\,\,\,\quad if\, \, x< s,} \end{array}\right.$$
$$\begin{array}{*{20}l} u_{0} (x)&=-2^{-4} \left(\left(E+2Ax+2A^{2} x^{2} +\frac{4}{3} A^{3} x^{3}\right)\int_{0}^{\infty}e^{-A (x+s)} A^{-4} f (s)ds +\right.\\ &+ \left(E-2As+2A^{2} s^{2} -\frac{4}{3} A^{3} s^{3}\right)\int_{-\infty}^{0}e^{-A (x-s)} A^{-4} f (s)ds+\\ &+2Ax \left(E-2As+2A^{2} s^{2}\right)\int_{-\infty}^{0}e^{-A (x-s)} A^{-4} f (s)ds+\\ &+2A^{2} x^{2} (E-2As)\int_{-\infty}^{0}e^{-A (x-s)} A^{-4} f (s)ds+\\ &\left.+\frac{4}{3} A^{3} x^{3} \int_{-\infty}^{0}e^{-A (x-s)} A^{-4} f (s)ds\right). \end{array} $$

Proof

Let Eq. 1.1 has a solution u(x)=u1(x)+u0(x), wher

$$u_{1} (x)=\int_{-\infty}^{+\infty}G (x-s)f (s)ds,$$

and

$$\begin{array}{*{20}l}u_{0} (x)&=\phi_{0} e^{-Ax}+\phi_{1}Ax e^{-Ax}+\phi_{2} A^{2}x^{2} e^{-Ax}+\phi_{3} A^{3}x^{3} e^{-Ax},\\ \phi_{0}&=-u_{1} (0),\\ \phi_{1}&=\phi_{0}-A^{-1}u_{1}^{\prime} (0),\\ \phi_{2}&=\phi_{1}-\frac{1}{2}\phi_{0}-\frac{1}{2} A^{-2}u_{1}^{\prime\prime} (0),\\ \phi_{3}&=\frac{1}{6}\phi_{0}-\frac{1}{6}A^{-3}u_{1}^{\prime\prime\prime} (0)-\frac{1}{2}\phi_{1}+\phi_{2},\end{array} $$

First, we find Green’s function of Eq. 1.1 where, Aj=0, j=1,2,3,4,5.

The operator Q0 can be simplified on the following form:

$$Q_{0}= \left(-\frac{d}{dx} +A\right) \left(\frac{d}{dx} +A\right)^{4}, $$

then applying Fourier transform to the equation Q0u(x)=f(x), we obtain:

$$(-i\xi E+A) (i\xi E+A)^{4} \overset{\sim}{u} (\xi)=\overset{\sim}{f} (\xi).$$

where E- identity operator and \(\overset {\sim }{u} (\xi), \overset {\sim }{f} (\xi)\) are Fourier transforms to the functions u(x), f(x), respectively.

Thus, the polynomial operator pencil (iξE−A)(iξE+A)4 is invertible, and moreover,

$$ \overset{\sim}{u} (\xi)= \frac{1}{ (-i\xi E+A)(i\xi E+A)^{4}} \overset{\sim}{f} (\xi), $$
(2.2)

hence,

$$u (x)=\frac{1}{2\pi} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} (-i\xi E+A)^{-1} (i\xi E+A)^{-4} \overset{\sim}{f} (\xi) e^{i\zeta (t-s)} d\zeta.$$

Using Cauchy’s theorem of residues,

at x<s

$$Res= \underset{i\xi\to A}{\lim}\ \frac{e^{i\zeta (t-s)}}{(i\xi E+A)^{4}} = 2^{-4}e^{A (x-s)} A^{-4},$$

at x>s

$$\begin{array}{*{20}l}Res&=\frac{1}{6}\ \underset{i\xi\to -A}{\lim}\ \frac{d^{3}}{d\xi^{3}} \left(\frac{e^{i\zeta (t-s)}}{ -i\xi E+A}\right)=\\ &=\left(E+2A (x-s)+2A^{2} (x-s)^{2} +\frac{8}{6} A^{3} (x-s)^{3}\right) e^{-A (x-s)} A^{-4}.\end{array} $$

Then from inequality (2.1), it is simple to prove that Q0 which acts from \(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) to L2(R;H) is bounded (see [10]).

Now, we show that \(u (x)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\).

Using the Parseval’s equality and (2.2), we obtain:

$$\| u\|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)}^{2} = \| \frac{d^{5} u}{dx^{5}} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2} + \| A^{5} u\|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2} =$$
$$= \| {i\zeta}^{5} \overset{\sim}{u (\xi)} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2} + \| {A}^{5} \overset{\sim}{u (\xi)} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2} =$$
$$= \| {i\zeta}^{5} (-i\xi E+A)^{-1} (i\xi E+A)^{-4} \overset{\sim}{f} (\xi) \|^{2}_{L_{2} (R;H)}+ $$
$$+ \| {A}^{5} (-i\xi E+A)^{-1} (i\xi E+A)^{-4} \overset{\sim}{f} (\xi) \|^{2}_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le $$
$$\le {\underset{\zeta \in R}{\sup} \| i\zeta^{5} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \|_{H\to H}^{2} \| \overset{\sim}{f} (\zeta) \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2}}+ $$
$$ + {\underset{\zeta \in R}{\sup} \| A^{5} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \|_{H\to H}^{2} \| \overset{\sim}{f} (\zeta) \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2}}. $$
(2.3)

From the spectral decomposition of the operator A (σ(A)– the spectrum of operator A) for ζε R (see [11]), we have:

$${\| i\zeta^{5} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \|_{H\to H} =_{\sigma \in \sigma (A)}^{\sup} |i\zeta^{5} (-i\zeta +\sigma)^{-1} (i\zeta +\sigma)^{-4} |\le}$$
$$ \le \underset{\sigma \in \sigma (A)}{\sup} \frac{|\zeta |^{5}}{\left(\zeta^{2} +\sigma^{2}\right)^{\frac{5}{2}}} \le 1, $$
(2.4)
$$\| A^{5} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \|_{H\to H} =\underset{\sigma \in \sigma (A)}{\sup} |{\sigma}^{5} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +\sigma)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +\sigma)^{-4} |\le$$
$$ \le \underset{\sigma \in \sigma (A)}{\sup} \frac{{\sigma}^{5}}{{(\zeta^{2} +\sigma^{2})^{^{\frac{5}{2}}}}} \le 1. $$
(2.5)

From (2.4) and (2.5) into (2.3), we obtain:

$$\|{u}\|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)}^{2} \le 2 \| \overset{\sim}{f} (\zeta) \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2} =2 \| f (x) \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}^{2}.$$

Hence, \(u (x)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H).\)

Using the Banach theorem of the inverse operator, then the operator Q0 is an isomorphism from \(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) to L2(R;H) (see [12]). □

Before we formulate exact conditions on regular solution of the problems (1.1) and (1.2), expressed only by its operator coefficients, we must estimate the norms of intermediate derivative operators participating in the perturbed part of the given equation. Theorem 1 leads to the norm \(\phantom {\dot {i}\!} \| Q_{0} u \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \) is equivalent to the norm \( \| u \|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)} \) in the space \(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\). Therefore by the norm \(\phantom {\dot {i}\!} \| Q_{0} u \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \), the theorem on intermediate derivatives is valid as well.

Theorem 2

When the function \(u (x)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\), so it keeps the following inequalities:

$$ \| A^{j} \frac{d^{5-j} u (x)}{dx^{5-j}} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le b_{j} \| Q_{0} u \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}, j=\overline{1,5} $$
(2.6)

true, where \(b_{1} =b_{4} =\frac {16}{25\sqrt {5}}, b_{2} =b_{3} =\frac {6\sqrt {3}}{25\sqrt {5}}, b_{5}=1\) see [13].

Proof

To establish the validity of inequalities (2.6), we take Q0u(x)=f(x) and apply the Fourier transformation as follows:

$$\| A^{j} (i\zeta)^{5-j} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \overset{\sim}{f} (\zeta) \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le$$
$$\le \underset{\zeta \in R}{\sup}\ \| A^{j} (i\zeta)^{5-j} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \|_{H\to H} \| \overset{\sim}{f} (\zeta) \|_{L_{2} (R;H)},$$
$$ j=1,2,3,4,5 $$
(2.7)

For ζ∈R, we have:

$$\| A^{j} (i\zeta)^{5-j} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \|_{H\to H} \le$$
$$\le \underset{\sigma \in \sigma (A)}{\sup}\ |\sigma^{j} (i\zeta)^{5-j} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +\sigma)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +\sigma)^{-4} |=$$
$$= \underset{\eta =\frac{\xi^{2}}{\sigma^{2}} \ge 0}{\sup}\ \frac{\eta^{\left({(5-j)_{/2}}\right)}}{ (\eta +1)^{\frac{5}{2}}}=b_{j} \, \,, j=1,2,3,4,5.$$

Using inequalities (2.7), we have:

$$\| A^{j} (i\zeta)^{5-j} (-i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-1} (i\zeta {\text{E}} +A)^{-4} \overset{\sim}{f (\zeta)} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le$$
$$\le b_{j} \| \overset{\sim}{f (\xi)} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}, j=1,2,3,4,5.$$

□

Lemma 1

The operator Q1 continuously acts from \(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) to L2(R;H) provided that the operators AjA−j,j=1,2,3,4,5 are bounded in H.

Considering the results found up to now see [14], for problems (1.1) and (1.2), we get the possibility to establish regular solvability conditions.

Theorem 3

Let |κ|<2λ0(A=A∗≥ λoE,λo>0) for any \(u (t)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\), then holds the inequality

b(k)(c1(k)∥A1A−1∥H→H+c2(k)∥A2A−2∥H→H+c3(k)∥A3A−3∥H→H++c4(k)∥A4A−4∥H→H)<1 see [15],

where

$$\begin{array}{l} {c_{1} (k)= \left[1+\frac{4\lambda_{0} |\lambda_{0} +k |}{ (2\lambda_{0} +k)^{2}}\right]^{\frac{3}{2}}}, \, c_{2} (k)=\frac{2\lambda_{0}}{2\lambda_{0} +k} \left[1+\frac{4\lambda_{0} |\lambda_{0} +k |}{ (2\lambda_{0} +k)^{2}} \right], \\ c_{3} (k)=\frac{4\lambda_{0}^{2}}{ (2\lambda_{0} +k)^{2}} \left[1+\frac{4\lambda_{0} |\lambda_{0} +k |}{ (2\lambda_{0} +k)^{2}}\right]^{\frac{1}{2}},\, c_{4} (k)=\frac{8\lambda_{0}^{3}}{(2\lambda_{0} +k)^{3}}, \end{array}$$

and

$$b (k)= \Bigg\{\begin{array}{l} {\frac{\lambda_{0}}{2^{^{\frac{1}{2}}} \left(2\lambda_{0}^{2} -k^{2}\right)^{\frac{1}{2}}},\, \, \,\, \, \,\, if \, \, \, 0\le \frac{k^{2}}{4\lambda_{0}^{2}} < \frac{1}{3},\,} \\ {\, \, \, \, \frac{2\lambda_{0} |k |}{4\lambda_{0}^{2} -k^{2}},\, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, \, if\, \, \, \frac{1}{3} \le \frac{k^{2}}{4\lambda_{0}^{2}} < 1.} \end{array}$$

Theorem 4

Suppose that the operators \(A_{j} A^{-j}, j=\overline {1,4}\), be bounded in H and they hold the inequalit

$$\sum_{j=1}^{4}C_{j}(k)b(k) \| A_{j} A^{-j} \|_{H\to H} < 1,$$

where the numbers Cj(k),j=1,2,3,4 and b(k) are determined in Theorem 3 so the problems (1.1) and (1.2) are regularly solvable (see [16,17]).

Proof

where \(f(x)\in L_{2} (R;H), u(x)\in W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\) and by Theorem (1.1), there exists a bounded inverse operator to Q0, which acts from L2(R;H) to \(W_{2}^{5} (R;H)\); then after replacing Q0u(x)=w(x) in Eq. 1.1, it can be written as \(\left (E+{Q}_{1} Q_{0}^{-1}\right)w(x)=f(x).\)

Now, we prove under the theorem conditions see [18], that

$$\| {Q}_{1} {Q}_{0}^{-1} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)\to L_{2} (R;H)} <1.$$

By Theorem 3, we have:

$$\begin{array}{l} { \| Q_{1} Q_{0}^{-1} w \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} = \| Q_{1} u \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le \sum_{j=1}^{4} \| A_{j} \frac{{d}^{4-j} u}{{dx}^{4-j}} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le} \\ {\le \sum_{j=1}^{4} \| A_{j} A^{-j} \|_{H\to H} \| A^{j} \frac{{d}^{4-j} u}{{dx}^{4-j}} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} \le} \end{array}$$
$$\begin{array}{l} {\le \sum_{j=1}^{4}C_{j}(k)b(k) \| A_{j} {A}^{-j} \|_{H\to H} \| Q_{0} u \|_{L_{2} (R;H)} =} \\ {=\sum_{j=1}^{4}C_{j}(k)b(k) \| A_{j} {A}^{-j} \|_{H\to H} \| v \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}.} \end{array}$$

Consequently,

\( \| Q_{1} Q_{0}^{-1} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)\to L_{2} (R;H)} \le \sum _{j=1}^{4}C_{j}(k) b(k) \| A_{j} {A}^{-j} \|_{H\to H} < 1. \) Thus, the operator \(E+Q_{1} Q_{0}^{-1} \) is invertible in L2(R;H); therefore, u(x) can be determined by \({u (x)=Q}_{0}^{-1} \left (E+Q_{1} Q_{0}^{-1}\right)^{-1} f (x)\); moreover:

$$\| u \|_{W_{2}^{5} (R;H)}\! \le\! \| {Q}_{0}^{-1} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)\to W_{2}^{5} (R;H)} \times \| \left(\left(E+Q_{1} Q_{0}^{-1}\right)\right)^{-1} \|_{L_{2} (R;H)\to L_{2} (R;H)} \| f \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}$$
$$\le const \| f \|_{L_{2} (R;H)}$$

□

Conclusion

In the whole real axis, with a multiple characteristic, fifth-order and self-adjoint differential operator has not been researched so far. We demonstrated the association between the coefficients of the differential operator and the conditions of problems (1.1) and (1.2) to be regularly solvable. We estimated the norms of intermediate derivative operators which appear in the essential part of the investigated equation, and we proved that the maximum value of the bj,j=1,2,3,4,5 does not exceed one. The norms of the linear operators participating in the second part are estimated and used to formulate the exact solvability conditions.

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Acknowledgements

We thank our colleagues from Ain Shams University who provided insight and expertise that greatly assisted the research.

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  1. Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt

    Nashat Faried & Labib Rashed

  2. Helwan University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt

    Abdel Baset I. Ahmed

  3. Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, 11865, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Labeeb

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Faried, N., Rashed, L., Ahmed, A.I. et al. Solvability of initial-boundary value problem of a multiple characteristic fifth-order operator-differential equation. J Egypt Math Soc 27, 37 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1186/s42787-019-0036-7

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Keywords

  • Initial-boundary value problems
  • Operator-differential equation
  • Self-adjoint operator
  • Intermediate derivative operator

Mathematical Subject Classifications 2010

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  • 34G10
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